Can you recover taxes and charges from airlines when you don’t travel?

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| Airline charges, Consumer, Contract, Restitution

Small palm tree, via Steve Hedley's restitution siteYes, you can. If you book to travel with an airline, and pay their fee plus government taxes and airport charges, but if you then don’t travel, so that the taxes are not due and the charges are not incurred, you are entitled to recover those taxes and charges from the airline. If the contract between you and the airline contains a clause either making them irrecoverable or imposing disproportionately high administration fees to recover them, that clause is unenforceable (on foot of the European Communities (Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts) Regulations, 1995 (SI No 27 of 1995). I have already discussed this matter here, here, and here. Those posts discuss the ongoing campaign by the National Consumer Agency against airlines which refuse to refund such taxes and charges, or which impose disproportionately high administration fees when non-travelling passengers seek to recover them. In the Irish Times recently, Ciarán Hancock reported on the next stage of that campaign:

Airlines retain €28m in taxes and charges on unfilled flight seats

The National Consumer Agency (NCA) is seeking to clip the wings of Irish airlines who pocket taxes and airport charges paid by passengers who do not travel on flights they have booked.

…

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Turner, Garrow, Zong; Contract law and the slave trade, redux

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| Cinema, television and theatre, Contract, The Zong

Slave Ship by Turner, via WikipediaI love the paintings of WIlliam Turner (1775–1851). Every January, the Vaughan bequest of Turner watercolours goes on display in the National Gallery of Ireland, and every January I spend a happy Saturday afternoon in their company. One of Turner’s most arresting paintings is The Slave Ship (Slavers throwing overboard the Dead and Dying — Typhoon coming on) (1840) which is now on display in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (thumbnail, left; click through for better image). It is inspired in part by the story of the slaveship The Zong (replica image | image | story | wikipedia). In 1781, the shipowners claimed under an insurance contract for the value of lost cargo, which consisted of 133 slaves thrown overboard because the ship was running out of water (it is voyage 84106 on the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database). The captain claimed he acted out of necessity; and in the infamous case of Gregson v Gilbert (1783) 3 Doug 232, 99 ER 629, [1783] EngR 85 (22 May 1783) (pdf | National Archives), the claim succeeded at first instance, but failed on appeal.

Although this action was for breach of contract, it is the inspiration for the main action in last night’s episode of Garrow’s Law (BBC | imdb | wikipedia), a BBC television series inspired by the life and times of 18th century barrister William Garrow.…

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Emails, photos, and the public’s interests

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| Press Council, Privacy

The last word, with Matt Cooper, via Todayfm websiteEarlier this week, I appeared on the Todayfm radio programme The Last Word, with guest presenter Anton Savage and fellow contributor Patrick Kinsella of the School of Communications at DCU (you can listen back to the show here until next Thursday). Newspapers earlier in the week had reported that male employees at the Dublin office of an international accountancy firm had circulated an email rating newly arrived female trainees for a Top 10 list. The following day, several newspapers went further and published the photos and names of the women involved. On the radio programme, we discussed whether this later coverage crossed a line and invaded the women’s privacy.

Both Patrick and I argued that the later coverage did indeed cross that line. In my view, there was an invasion of the women’s privacy, and not once but twice. There was a wrongful intrusion into the women’s private activities, by the disclosure of information in which they had a reasonable expectation of privacy, first by other individuals within the company, and then by the media.

Within the company, the women had their photographs taken for human resources or personnel purposes, but these images were misused for prurience and titillation, first by people within the firm and then by the newspapers which published them.…

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The Dublin pattern

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| General

I have recently discovered that one of the classic and elegant nineteenth century chess set designs is called the Dublin Pattern:

The Dublin Pattern chess set, via Bill Wall's Chessville site


Bill Wall says the Dublin pattern was introduced about 1820. The pieces were made of ebony and boxwood with fine carved knights, and it was marketed by Jacques. Although Jacques is still going strong, they don’t seem to have the Dublin pattern in their current chess set listing – unfortunately. The House of Staunton says that original Dublin Pattern sets are extremely rare, with only a handful of complete sets in existence and securely in the hands of private collectors, but it has thoughtfully introduced an exact replica set, for a mere $695. I think I’ll still with my current set.…

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Blasphemy from ancient Greece to modern Ireland

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| Blasphemy, Conferences, Lectures, Papers and Workshops, criminal libel, prior restraint

cover of Nash, Blasphemy in the Christian World, via OUP websiteEarlier this week, I had the great good fortune to attend an enjoyable lecture presented by the, Long Room Hub, Trinity College Dublin. It was

Blasphemy: Historical anachronism or modern crime?

by Professor David Nash, Department of History, Oxford Brookes University, UK. He is the author of Blasphemy in Modern Britain 1789-present (Ashgate Publishing, 1999 | Amazon) and Blasphemy in the Christian World (Oxford University Press, 2007 hbk; 2010 pbk | Amazon | cover left). His talk was in three parts: the historical context; the unhappy fit with current models and theories of human development; and the implications of taking blasphemy seriously again.

First, he used the historical context to illustrate the various reasons for longevity and adaptability of concepts of blasphemy. In ancient Greece, blasphemy consisted of speaking ill of the gods and of disturbing the peace. In early Christian dogma after the Council of Nicea in AD 325, it served to reinforce the virtues of orthodoxy. Medieval Christian Europe saw blasphemy as an element of heresy, but in the 13th century, blasphemy becomes decoupled from heresy, and it evolves into what Nash charaterised as the ‘passive blasphemy’ model, where the definition and enforcement of blasphemy is a matter for the State, seeking to eradicate states of mind and opinion that are dangerous to the community.…

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Have older people in private nursing homes received a fair deal from the State?

| 2 Comments
| Restitution

Ombudsman logoThe Ombudsman yesterday published Who Cares? An Investigation into the Right to Nursing Home Care in Ireland. The gist of the Report is that the State is failing in its legal obligations to older people in need of nursing home care. Moreover, the Ombudsman was sharply critical of the refusal of the Government and State agencies to co-operate with her inquiry. However, in today’s Irish Times, the Minister for Health Mary Harney strongly rejected that criticism, saying the Attorney General had advised the that the Ombudsman was overstepping her mandate. On the other hand, an opposition spokesperson said the Report showed that the Government had failed older people, and Report has been very warmly welcomed by Age Action (a charity which promotes positive ageing and better policies and services for older people in Ireland):

Age Action is anxious that there is clarity about the eligibility and entitlements of older people, and that the rights of older people are protected … It is therefore timely that the Ombudsman’s investigation is published.

“It’s déjà vu all over again“. We have been here before. From 1976 to 2004, the State had invalidly charged many older people for care in public nursing homes.…

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Littlewoods questions

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| Restitution

LittlewoodsThe Littlewoods Ireland website proudly proclaims that it is Ireland’s leading online store. Since 1923, Littlewoods ran a mail- and phone-order catalogue sales business; and it is now the brand name of a successful internet retail sales company. Littlewoods are also the plaintiffs in an interesting case involving restitution of overpaid taxes. In Littlewoods Retail Ltd v HM Revenue and Customs [2010] EWHC 1071 (Ch) (19 May 2010), 15 claimants within the Littlewoods group of companies claimed compound interest amounting more than £1 billion on overpayments of VAT between 1973 and 2004. Subject to the outcome of a reference to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), their claim failed. In [2010] EWHC 2771 (Ch) (04 November 2010) Vos J has now decided on the questions to be referred to the CJEU. …

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